Periodontal disease or so-called gum disease is oral inflammation or infection of gum and underlying bone. Plaque is harmful bacteria increasing in mass and thickness until they form a film. Plaque's toxic and calculus will attack the mouth defenses. The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they become. In general, unhealthy gum tissue covers eroded bone, resulting in abnormal pockets around the roots. Left untreated, periodontal disease can result in loss of teeth. It is a common, and sometimes silent, condition in many adults.

Typically, our mouths are full of bacteria and bacteria, along with mucus and other particles, constantly form a sticky, colorless "plaque" on teeth. Periodontal diseases are generally divided into two groups:-

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called gingivitis.  In gingivitis, the gums will become red, swollen and can bleed easily.  Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. This form of gum disease does not include any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place.

Periodontitis can damage bone and connective tissue that supports the teeth. It is characterized as follows:- 1. Tooth Loss which is caused by loss of connective tissue structures and bone. 2. Gum inflammation with bleeding 3. Deep pockets  that is greater than 3 mm in depth forming between the gum and the tooth Gingivitis precedes periodontitis, though it doesn't always lead to severe conditions. In fact, some research suggests it is an entirely different disease.

Healthy and Disease Tooth Comparison

Prevention Periodontal Disease

It is a progressive disease that gives little or no pain in the early stages. The disease attacks the gums and bone that support the teeth and, in the advanced stages, may result in loss of teeth.

• Learning sign of the periodontal disease
• Oral hygiene prevention daily
• Regularly see dentist

Dental Cleaning and Root Planning Comparison

Plaque that is not removed can harden and form bacteria-harboring tartar that brushing doesn't clean. Only a professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist can remove. The process starts with bacteria. Even in healthy mouths, the sulcus is teeming with bacteria, but they tend to be harmless varieties. Periodontal disease develops usually because of two events in the oral cavity: an increase in bacteria quantity and a change in balance of bacterial types from harmless to disease-causing bacteria.

When the gums become diseased, it will loosen from the tooth and the underlying bone. This loosening gives rise to a crevice that is deeper than 3mm is not normal and is called a gum pocket. Gum pockets are very difficult to keep clean. Root planning by the dentist can help to reduce the dept of the rocket. This will make it easier for you to keep the teeth clean and the gums healthy. Remember that Periodontal Disease is a chronic disease. Good home care and regular cleaning by your dentist can control the disease.

Disease Tooth Stages